INTRODUCTION: Multilingualism has been proposed to enhance executive control and domain-specific cognitive and motor processes. This study examined whether multilingual adults show advantages over monolinguals in visuospatial working memory, sensorimotor speed, and short-term motor learning during an exergame program.
METHODS: In a between-groups, repeated-measures design, forty healthy adults aged 18–50 years (20 multilingual, 20 monolingual) completed neuropsychological tests (Fitts’s law task, Corsi Block Span, Stroop, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), cued task switching). They played Kinect-based exergames on Days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Language proficiency (LexTALE), prior gaming frequency, and health measures (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, beck depression ınventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, mini-mental state examination) were recorded. Group comparisons used independent t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests as appropriate, and repeated-measures analysis of variance assessed learning trajectories across sessions.
RESULTS: Multilinguals showed significantly faster response times in the Fitts’s law task (p<0.001) and higher spans on the Corsi Block test (p=0.003). No reliable group differences were observed for Stroop, WCST, or task-switching performance (all p>0.05). Exergame performance improved across sessions in both groups, with a significant group × day interaction indicating steeper learning trajectories among multilinguals (p<0.01).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Multilinguals showed significantly faster response times in the Fitts’s law task (p<0.001) and higher spans on the Corsi Block test (p=0.003). No reliable group differences were observed for Stroop, WCST, or task-switching performance (all p>0.05). Exergame performance improved across sessions in both groups, with a significant group × day interaction indicating steeper learning trajectories among multilinguals (p<0.01).

INTRODUCTION: Individuals differ in their sleep and activity timings, aligning with their circadian rhythms and this situation is described within the chronotype concept. It is stated that people who prefer evening sleep and have longer sleep duration have a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity than those who prefer morning sleep and have adequate sleep duration. The process of starting university is a critical period for many students as they start to make their own food choices. The aim of our study is to evaluate the impact of chronotypes on obesity and unhealthy eating and accordingly assess university students’ tendencies toward
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, individuals’ body composition was determined by utilizing the bioelectric impedance method. The Morningness – Eveningness Questionnaire, the Night Eating Questionnaire and the 30-Item Mindful Eating
RESULTS: A total of 103 undergraduate students whose mean age is 21.4±3.1 and who comprise 80.6% (n=83) women participated in our study. No significant differences between chronotype categories and anthropometric measurements were found (p>0.05). Eating discipline scores of students from health-related departments were shown to be higher than those of students from other departments (p=0.000).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Even though the main hypothesis was not confirmed, this study focuses on promoting healthy eating behaviors among undergraduate students by increasing nutrition knowledge and enhancing mindful eating, with the ultimate goal of preventing obesity which is a significant public health concern today.

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the effects of instrument-assisted spinal manipulation delivered with the Activator Method on posture, health-related quality of life, and work role functioning in office workers with musculoskeletal complaints related to prolonged sitting.
METHODS: Fifty office workers (20–45 years) were randomly allocated to an Activator group (weekly Activator Method spinal manipulations for 6 weeks) or a control group (no intervention). Posture was assessed using the PostureScreen Mobile app. Quality of life and work role functioning were assessed with the SF-12 and Work Role Functioning Questionnaire (WRFQ), respectively, at baseline, week 3, and week 6. Data were analyzed in SPSS v22.0; statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
RESULTS: At week 6, between-group differences favored the Activator group for the SF-12 physical component score, the WRFQ total score and physical demands subscale, and several postural parameters (nominal p<0.05; FDR-adjusted q-values reported for postural outcomes). Within the Activator group, improvements were observed in both SF-12 component scores, all WRFQ subdomains, and most postural parameters. The control group showed small but statistically significant changes in a limited number of work-role and postural outcomes (p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Activator-assisted spinal manipulation was associated with improvements in posture, quality of life, and work role functioning in office workers. These findings suggest that instrument-assisted spinal manipulation may contribute to improvements in occupational health settings; however, confirmatory sham-controlled trials are needed.

INTRODUCTION: Studies on specific probiotics and oral health are insufficient, and studies on prebiotics are very few in the literature. Therefore, this study investigated whether there is a relationship between prebiotic and probiotic food consumption and oral health.
METHODS: The study was conducted with 151 adult individuals. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, prebiotic and probiotic knowledge and consumption frequency were obtained through an online questionnaire. Dental health levels of the individuals were determined by calculating the DMFT (Decayed, Missing, Filled Tooth) index after a dental examination. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using SPSS package program version 29.0.2.0.
RESULTS: Most of the participants mentioned that they were familiar with the concept of probiotics, while they had heard of the concept of prebiotics before but did not know it completely. When the frequency of probiotic food consumption and oral health of the participants were analyzed, it was observed that individuals with a higher frequency of yogurt, buttermilk, pickles and olives consumption had better oral and dental health markers and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). When the same situation was analyzed for prebiotic foods, it was observed that individuals with higher consumption frequency of whole grains, oats, onions and garlic, tomatoes, bananas, honey, cruciferous vegetables (cauliflower, broccoli, etc.), legumes, asparagus, soybeans, oil seeds (nuts) and red fruits (blackberries, rose hips, etc.) had better oral and dental health markers and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Especially the level of knowledge about the prebiotic concept was found to be insufficient. Consumption of probiotic and prebiotic foods was significantly associated with improved oral health indicators in this population.

Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, pica, avoidant restrictive food intake disorder, and rumination disorder are eating disorders defined according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM V). Eating disorders have the second-highest case fatality rate among all mental illnesses. They are associated with numerous physical and psychological complications. These complications affect multiple systems, including the cardiovascular, dermatological, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and neurological systems, leading to serious health consequences. Nutritional deficiencies, gastrointestinal issues, and psychiatric disorders are particularly prevalent, and some complications may be irreversible. In addition, previous studies have shown that individuals with eating disorders have cognitive deficits compared to healthy individuals. Particularly in attention, memory, and cognitive flexibility. Leptin, an adipokine involved in energy regulation, neurogenesis, and learning, is also known to be reduced in individuals with eating disorders. Leptin deficiency is believed to be one of the underlying factors contributing to cognitive dysfunction in these individuals. Moreover, inadequate and unbalanced nutrition is a key factor driving cognitive impairments in individuals with eating disorders. Therefore, it is crucial to assess cognitive functions and examine nutritional habits in individuals with eating disorders. This review aims to provide an overview of eating disorders, discuss their complications, and synthesize research exploring the relationship between eating disorders and cognition.

Clear aligners are increasingly used for various orthodontic treatments, including mandibular advancement in patients with skeletal Class II. Mandibular advancement with clear aligners (MA) aims to achieve skeletal effects by promoting mandibular growth. This scoping review aims to evaluate the dental and skeletal effects of mandibular advancement with clear aligners and to compare it with traditional functional appliances. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2017 and February 2025. The search identified 53 articles, of which 10 studies meeting the eligibility criteria were included. The quality of the studies was examined using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist. Most studies reported a reduction in A point–Nasion–B point (ANB) angle and Wits appraisal after MA treatment. Comparisons with Twin Block (TB) showed similar skeletal outcomes, although MA caused less lower incisor protrusion. Studies comparing MA and Herbst appliance found greater lower molar mesialization with the Herbst appliance, while Sella–Nasion–A point (SNA), Sella–Nasion–B point (SNB), and ANB values were similar. It is important to note that the effects of the Herbst appliance reported in the included studies were evaluated in patients at the pubertal growth peak, although the appliance can also be used in the post-peak period. The included studies show that mandibular advancement with clear aligners can induce forward mandibular growth and achieve skeletal improvement. Reported advantages in these studies include simultaneous dental alignment during advancement, improved aesthetics, and potentially higher patient compliance compared to conventional appliances. Additionally, clear aligners may allow better control of lower incisor inclination during mandibular advancement. However, the findings should be interpreted with caution due to the limited number of high-quality studies and heterogeneity in study designs.