INTRODUCTION: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between microbiota awareness, frequency of probiotic food consumption, and orthorexia nervosa (ON) tendencies among university students studying health-related fields.
METHODS: The study was cross-sectional and descriptive research with 275 voluntary participants from the faculties of Health Sciences, Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dentistry. The data were collected through an online survey. The analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 22.0 software.
RESULTS: After analysing, the mean ORTO-11 score was 24.68±6.3 and the mean Microbiota Awareness Scale (MAS) score was 70.6±18.03. No significant relationship was found between the frequency of probiotic consumption and Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) tendencies (p>0.05). However, a significant positive correlation was found between microbiota awareness and ORTO-11 scores (p<0.05). Regression analysis showed that microbiota awareness accounted for 16.4% of the variance in ORTO-11 scores. Each one-point increase in microbiota awareness score was associated with a 0.057-point increase in ORTO-11 score.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that as microbiota awareness increases, ON tendencies decrease. While few studies have reported the relationship between ON and probiotic consumption, no research has directly examined the relationship with microbiota awareness. A multidisciplinary approach combining nutritional psychology and microbiota research is essential to advance understanding of this topic.

INTRODUCTION: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are frequently encountered conditions with complex, multifactorial causes that often necessitate a multidisciplinary and collaborative treatment approach.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study assessed TMDs management practices among Turkish dentists through a 22-item online questionnaire. The tool, based on standardized TMDs criteria, included an educational infographic. Data were collected from dentists through social media/email, focusing on referral patterns, interdisciplinary awareness, and treatment preferences. The data are presented as the total number of participants and frequency percentages.
RESULTS: The questionnaire was completed by 106 dentists. The participating dentists had a mean age of 32 ± 9.58 years. The majority were general dental practitioners with bachelor’s degrees and 0–5 years of clinical experience. It was observed that 26.4% of dentists refer TMDs patients to physiotherapist (PT). Most of the dentists prefer occlusal splints, occlusal adjustments, and pharmacotherapy in the TMDs treatment. TMDs patients were predominantly referred to PT for neck pain and postural problems. Before participating in this survey, the majority of dentists were unaware that PT could play a role in the treatment of TMDs patients. After the questionnaire, 67% of dentists indicated an increased likelihood of referring TMDs patients to a PT when deemed necessary. 87.7% of participants expressed an interest in gaining further knowledge about the benefits of interdisciplinary collaboration with PT in the management of TMDs.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study showed that dentists had limited awareness of the role of PTs in the treatment of TMDs. The results highlight significant gaps in both knowledge and awareness about the TMDs treatment.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to investigate the effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on working memory (WM) performance. The primary goal of the study is to comprehend the interindividual variations in taVNS responses and examine the factors underlying these differences. The fundamental hypothesis of the thesis is that taVNS enhances WM performance (WMP). The research anticipates that this effect will be particularly observed in the group receiving actual taVNS.
METHODS: An equal number of female (n=15) and male (n=15) participants were selected from a cognitively healthy group aged between 18 and 45 years. Participants underwent a WM test (n-back) initially, followed by the sham taVNS. After receiving sham session participants completed the same WM task again. Followed by the real taVNS session and the WM task is given for the last time. Participants also filled out scales for the Big Five personality traits (BFS), Experiences in Close Relationships Scale-Revised, and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised during the same period.
RESULTS: The findings demonstrated a notable increase in WMP in the actual taVNS group. In addition, the results suggest that individuals exhibiting avoidant attachment, displaying phobic anxiety symptoms, and having high interpersonal sensitivity tend to benefit more from taVNS.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These outcomes imply that taVNS has the potential to enhance WMP and reflects the influence of individual factors.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to examine the relationship between health perception and hygiene-related attitudes and behaviors among university students enrolled in associate degree programs in Elderly Care and Home Patient Care.
METHODS: This study employed a correlational and descriptive research design. The study population consisted of all students enrolled in Home Patient Care or Elderly Care programs at universities during the 2020–2021 academic year. A total of 847 students from 12 different universities participated in the study. Data were collected online between February and June 2021. The data collection tools included the “Descriptive Characteristics Information Form,” the “Hygiene Behavior Scale (HBS),” and the “Health Perception Scale (HPS).”
RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 19.95±2.44 years. Of the participants, 68% were female and 58% were 1st-year students. The mean total score on the HBS was 37.7±6.75, whereas the mean total score on the HPS was 53.57±7.60. A statistically significant difference was found between students’ mean HBS scores and their gender, place of residence, and economic status. In addition, a significant difference was observed between their mean HPS scores and their economic status.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The findings of the study revealed a statistically significant relationship between students’ hygiene behaviors and their health perceptions. It was observed that as students’ health perception decreased, negative hygiene behaviors increased.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the frequency, severity, and regional distribution of musculoskeletal pain in primary caregivers of children with cerebral palsy (CP) and to investigate its associations with caregiving-related factors, including the child's motor impairment level and demographic variables.
METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 84 caregivers of children with CP. Musculoskeletal complaints were assessed using the Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, and pain severity was measured by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) was used to assess the motor impairment level of the children. Associations between caregiver pain and clinical variables were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.
RESULTS: he most frequently reported pain regions were the lower back (69.0%), neck (59.5%), and shoulders (58.3%). Pain in these areas significantly interfered with daily activities. Statistically significant associations were found between higher GMFCS levels and increased shoulder, wrist/hand, upper back, and lower back pain. Older child age and caregiver age were also associated with greater musculoskeletal burden. VAS scores showed a positive correlation with both GMFCS level and caregiver age (P < 0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Musculoskeletal pain is common among caregivers of children with CP and is influenced by the severity of the child’s motor disability and caregiver demographics. Preventive strategies, such as ergonomic education, regular screening, and multidisciplinary support should be integrated into pediatric rehabilitation services to protect caregiver health and ensure sustainable care.

Operating rooms are places where advanced technological tools and equipment are used, various surgical techniques and methods are applied, and teamwork and making the right decisions quickly are important. Operating room nurses have important duties such as creating the necessary conditions for the environment where the operation will be performed, preparing the instruments and equipment before the operation, preparing the patient, performing and terminating the operation, and following the maintenance, cleaning, and sterilization of the instruments and equipment after the operation. Excessive workload, an insufficient number of staff, ambiguities in roles, long working hours, inadequate wages, working in a shift system, poor communication with health-care team members, and problems related to the management approach of managers reduce motivation and cause medical errors. The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations defines malpractice as damage to the patient as a result of inappropriate and unethical behavior of health-care professionals and inadequate and negligent behavior in professional practices. When we look at the undesirable events that operating room nurses may encounter: incomplete or incorrect transmission of information about the patient during patient transfer from the operating room to the clinic, cutting and piercing instrument injuries, wrong side surgery, forgetting a foreign body, surgical electrocautery burns, urinary catheter-related infections, transfusion errors, surgical site infections, drug administration errors, pressure wounds due to falls and immobility, pulmonary embolism, problems arising from medical devices, injuries, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and deep vein thrombosis. No studies evaluating the relationship between operating room nurses and malpractice were found in the literature. Further studies are needed to develop strategies to reduce/prevent malpractice rates, which have important consequences for patients and health professionals and are important markers of health-care quality, and to determine the attitudes and tendencies of health professionals toward malpractice.

Pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) play a crucial role in the support of pelvic organs, the maintenance of continence, and the preservation of postural stability. The functions of the pelvic floor (PF) extend beyond localized muscular activity; they are intrinsically linked to postural control and respiration dynamics. This complex and integrated relationship can be elucidated through neuromuscular interactions, which significantly influence spinal alignment and pelvic positioning. Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) may result in postural deviation, diminished spinal stability, and the onset of chronic pain syndromes. This review critically explores the effects of pelvic floor musculature on posture and examines the bidirectional interactions between these systems. Additionally, the clinical implications of the PF–posture relationship are discussed in the context of physiotherapy and rehabilitation approaches. In this regard, emerging evidence underscores the efficacy of exercise programs targeting the pelvic floor to improve postural control and spinal stability. Ultimately, a more comprehensive understanding of the interplay between the pelvic floor and posture may pave the way for innovative, integrative approaches for the prevention and management of PFDs. In this regard, interdisciplinary research and clinical practice will contribute significantly to advancing our understanding of the PF–posture nexus. This review synthesizes a range of perspectives to provide a thorough evaluation of the complex relationship between PF and posture.

Trigeminal neuralgia is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by sharp and sudden pain on one side of the face, which negatively affects patients’ quality of life. Painkillers and surgical procedures such as nerve blockage are preferred in the treatment, but it requires the application of neuromodulation methods due to its side effects and controversial efficacy. In this current report, we describe a 55-year-old female patient who has been experiencing pain due to trigeminal neuralgia for about 20 years. This case highlights the effectiveness of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS), one of the neuromodulation methods, on pain. It is emphasized that taVNS is an effective neuromodulation method for the suppression of pain symptoms and an important modality for improving the quality of life of patients.