Effect of Ergonomic Factors on Musculoskeletal Disorders in Dentists

The science of ergonomics, by identifying and regulating primary factors, particularly those related to musculoskeletal disorders, plays a pivotal role in their prevention. The profession of dentistry, by its nature, is one of the most susceptible to musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, the science of ergonomics should be integrated into the dental profession for the prevention and treatment of these disorders. Studies indicate that musculoskeletal disorders are observed in dentists at a rate ranging from 64% to 93%. The primary risk factors contributing to the onset of these disorders include prolonged static postures, repetitive movements, workplace designs, poor positioning, mental stress, physical conditioning, age, and non-job-related factors. Potential disorders that may arise from these risk factors include lumbar and cervical disk herniation, carpal tunnel syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome, and postural abnormalities. All these potential musculoskeletal disorders entail various negative consequences in terms of both workforce loss and the material and spiritual burdens of resulting ailments. The fundamental aim of ergonomics, encompassing all these aspects, is to prevent these problems, thereby bringing together the dental profession and the science of ergonomics on common ground. Furthermore, through these ergonomic adjustments, the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders will reduce the burden on both healthcare facilities and their employees. The objective of this study is to compile solutions for musculoskeletal disorders observed in dentists by aligning them with the science of ergonomics. Accordingly, subtopics such as auxiliary equipment, clinician practice chairs, clinician posture recommendations, and patient positioning have all been elucidated in this study.